Objectives An umbrella review Chen, Babatunde The long-term effects of maternal morbidity and mortality on families and communities should not be underestimated. 2021 Nov;102:103069. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2021.103069. WM contributed to the conception and design of this viewpoint, edited the manuscript, and reviewed the final version. The well-being of both mother and fetus requires further investigation of the effects of the SARS-CoV-2 virus during pregnancy. Galanis P, Vraka I, Fragkou D, Bilali A, Kaitelidou D. Impact of personal protective equipment use on health care workers' physical health during the COVID-19 pandemic: A systematic review and meta-analysis. In cases of self-quarantine and self-isolation, routine antenatal care should be postponed fortwo weeks if it is safe to do so (7,9,10). Web Resume usual antenatal care after release from self-quarantine or self-isolation Advise to telephone maternity service if concerned. doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD000934.pub2. <> Self-reported medical and nonmedical cannabis use among pregnant women in the United States. The Covid-19 pandemic impacts reproductive and perinatal health both directly through infection itself but also indirectly as a consequence of changes in health care, social policy, or social and economic circumstances. (2020) It is also recommended based on the guidelines WHO and UNFPA that the hybrid models could be considered in the management of prenatal care sessions based on womens needs and available health facilities (3,8). -, Wilson A.N., Ravaldi C., Scoullar M.J.L., et al. endstream
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As legalization is championed by many in the medical and political arenas, women were deluded with an increased opportunity to use what has been claimed to be a "harmless" drug. 2020;26(9):994-998. https://doi.org/10.26719/emhj.20.097, Copyright World Health Organization (WHO) 2020. Published on /6 [-32768 8 3 -562.5 -333.638 -49.5 338.666 1 0 0 1 -382.943 -64.1378] 2023 Feb 16;119:103619. doi: 10.1016/j.midw.2023.103619. Aim: Currently, concentrating on COVID-19 would possibly distract pregnant women from routine antenatal care. Critical revision of the manuscript for important intellectual content: All authors. Also, if necessary, their prescriptions should be sent through the post along with a video link of how to self-inject drugs, or a video appointment following receipt (9,10). 2021;326(17):1745-1747. doi:10.1001/jama.2021.16328. Continued monitoring of trends is critical as the pandemic continues to evolve. Author Contributions: Dr Young-Wolff had full access to all of the data in the study and takes responsibility for the integrity of the data and the accuracy of the data analysis. Federal government websites often end in .gov or .mil. The high infection risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in hospitals is particularly problematic for recently delivered mothers and currently pregnant women who require professional HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help 2023 Jan 13;18(1):e0279990. Health care experts attending homes should be mindful of exposure to COVID-19 in a home visit and should adhere to strict infection control procedures when entering and leaving homes. It is suggested that the hybrid models be considered in the management of prenatal care sessions based on womens needs and available health facilities (3,10,11). Bi X, They are susceptible to respiratory infections due to reduced lung function, increased oxygen consumption, and alteration in immunological function due to pregnancy. Edited by G Eysenbach, G Fagherazzi; submitted 10.05.20; peer-reviewed by D Groselj, A Al-Hasan; comments to author 22.06.20; revised version received 02.07.20; accepted 13.07.20; published 22.07.20. Cannabis tax revenues. /ArtBox [0 0 612 792] 2020;12:11818. Models of care in low risk cases is limited to midwifery care only, however, in high risk cases is could be provided by GPs, obstetricians or obstetricians and midwifery Group Practice, if available(7,8). The study is In: StatPearls [Internet]. Considered an essential business in California, cannabis retailers remained open during the pandemic with record sales in 2020.5 We used data from Kaiser Permanente Northern California (KPNC), a large integrated health care delivery system with universal screening for prenatal cannabis use to test the hypothesis that rates of prenatal cannabis use increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. 2022 May 18. COVID-19 technical brief for maternity Services. In cases that ANC is not provided in pregnant women at the clinic, it can be undertaken on the phone, via whats app, skype, facetime (where available). The United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA) emphasized the development of a sustainable ANC service delivery model according to the context of different countries, which defines how services will be organized to deliver a core ANC package. Background Vaccination during pregnancy has been repeatedly demonstrated to be safe and effective in protecting against infection and associated harms for the mother, developing baby, and subsequent infant. document.write( '' ); Huang, Shinning Health department of some countries noted thatvisits in 28 weeks, 37 weeks and 40-41 weeks to be face-to-face and other visits could be done by phone or video call (3,7). 1School of Nursing and Midwifery; 2Nursing and Midwifery Care Research Center, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Islamic Republic of Iran. SY, HW, XB, JS, SC, BA, and CJPZ edited and reviewed the final version of manuscript. Online antenatal care programs can take various forms: online courses to deliver pregnancy-related information, mobile phone apps to motivate healthy behaviors during pregnancy, and mobile health (mHealth) apps to provide mental consultations [8,9]. -, Chivers B.R., Garad R.M., Boyle J.A., Skouteris H., Teede H.J., Harrison C.L. Epub 2020 Oct 23. Bi, Jie Cochrane Database Syst Rev. WebAntenatal Care during the COVID-19 Pandemic Source: CDC, WHO, FOGSI Do not skip your antenatal care appointments. mandated to only see emergency patients during the COVID-19 outbreak. Methods This reduces the chance of Covid-19 transmission to the maternity care providers and other women attending for care (4). The institutional review board of KPNC approved this study and waived the need for informed consent. WebThis document provide guidance to maintain antenatal and postnatal care for all women during COVID-19. (https://www.rcog.org.uk/globalassets/documents/guidelines/2020-05-13-guidance-for-maternal-medicine-services-in-the-evolving-coronavirus-covid-19-pandemic.pdf). Research on refugee women access to and utilisation of antenatal care (ANC), delivery and post-natal care (PNC) are generally underrepresented in the global In addition, all pregnant women, together with those with confirmed or suspected COVID-19 infections, have the right to high-quality care before, during and after childbirth (3). Most respondents (71.38%) initiated antenatal care during the first trimester. In the absence of a central directive in England, the nature of restrictions varied across var path = 'hr' + 'ef' + '='; Kelly C.Young-Wolff,PhD, MPH; Sara R.Adams,MPH; AlisaPadon,PhD; Lynn D.Silver,MD, MPH; Stacey E.Alexeeff,PhD; Stephen K.Van Den Eeden,PhD; Lyndsay A.Avalos,PhD, Prenatal Cannabis Use Before and During the COVID-19 PandemicReply, Kelly C.Young-Wolff,PhD, MPH; DeborahAnsley,MD; Lyndsay A.Avalos,PhD, MPH, Prenatal Cannabis Use Before and During the COVID-19 Pandemic, Howard L.Minkoff,MD; Jeffrey L.Ecker,MD, Health and Social Equity For Women Who Use Cannabis Around Pregnancy, Kelly C.Young-Wolff,PhD, MPH; Lynn D.Silver,MD, MPH; Qiana L.Brown,PhD, MPH, LCSW, To register for email alerts, access free PDF, and more, Get unlimited access and a printable PDF ($40.00), 2023 American Medical Association. //--> BMJ Open. Where efficient technology and facilities are available, some of these visits could be done through a remote contact. Maternity care experts (including midwives and all other health care workers providing pregnancy and infant care), whether based in health centers or within the community, are basic health care providers and must be protected and prioritized to continue providing of care to childbearing women and their infants (8). Midwifery. Advocates for legalization have said that it would help reduce disparities - and yet it has simply created potentially far worse disparities for future generations. Anxiety, stress, and depression in Australian pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic: A cross sectional study. and Bakacak, M. (2022) Factors Associated with Antenatal Depression during the COVID-19 (SARS-CoV2) Pandemic A Cross-Sectional Those visits that do not need measure of fundal height, blood or urine tests, or ultrasonography, should be performed remotely by video or teleconferencing. An official website of the United States government. Accessibility Statement, Our website uses cookies to enhance your experience. Pregnant women can also be guided to study pregnancy and labor instructions through books, and receive antenatal care education by online conferencing. Keywords: Also, referral to community clinics should be limited to emergency cases with significant risk factors. Methods: 2020;1:599327. doi: 10.3389/fgwh.2020.599327. The .gov means its official. In general, low risk pregnant women should have a minimum of six antenatal visits (8). Read up on the COVID-19 vaccine frequently asked questions. Women reported that restrictions implemented in the maternity services limited their face-to face interactions with healthcare professionals and meant their partners could not attend antenatal appointments or support them in the postpartum period in the maternity setting. EMHJ Guidelines on Ethical Conduct and Publication of Health Research, The WHO South-East Asia Journal of Public Health (WHO SEAJPH), Models of maternity care for pregnant women during the COVID-19 pandemic, Submit comments or queries about the EMHJ. EF. Background: Alternative versus standard packages of antenatal care for lowrisk pregnancy. 4240 0 obj
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COVID-19 Provide advice about: o Standard Notice on strengthening maternal disease treatment and safe midwifery during the prevention and control of new coronavirus pneumonia (in Chinese). 2020;136:3741. During every face-to-face contact usual clinical assessment (e.g. 6 doi: 10.1002/14651858.CD012392.pub2. While health systems around the world are being challenged by increasing demand for care of COVID-19 patients, it is critical to maintain preventive and curative services, especially for the most vulnerable This site needs JavaScript to work properly. Maternal and neonatal outcomes associated with COVID-19 infection: A systematic review Background COVID-19 has created an extraordinary global health crisis. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted Examining inequities associated with changes in obstetric and gynecologic care delivery during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The median monthly sample size in the months during COVID-19 was 4124 (range, 3932-4356), with a mean of 4130. "Anxious and traumatised": Users' experiences of maternity care in the UK during the COVID-19 pandemic. 2020;26(5):647-8. S, Meah
PMC Effect of COVID-19 pandemic on provision of sexual and reproductive health services in primary health facilities in Nigeria: a cross-sectional study. In these clinics, social distancing rule need to be observed in the consulting room using appropriate technology and the obstetricians and physicians need not be in the same room (10). Terms of Use| Discussion: Committee on Obstetric Practice. All Rights Reserved. This guidance does not support disruption or reduction of care but different ways should be considered for women to have access to evidence-based prenatal care during the current COVID-19 pandemic (3). Further research includes pilot studies to explore the acceptability of the model and recommendation implementation in practice. PMC Meeker M. Internet Trends 2019. Diabetes Technol Ther 2020 Jun 01;22(6):454-461. However, with limited understanding of the effects of COVID-19 during pregnancy, clinicians and patients are forced to make uninformed decisions. /Font <> Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 58, 61-70. Davis D, Sheehy A, Nightingale H, de Vitry-Smith S, Taylor J, Cummins A. Midwifery. https://doi.org/10.26719/2020.26.5.492. URL: Online free consultation, online pregnant women's school, scheduled appointments for consultations during the epidemic prevention and control period in Henan to ensure the safety of mothers and infants (in Chinese). et al. Moreover, more than half considered or decided to cancel their in-hospital antenatal care visits and postponed their appointments. The United States documented 198,598 pregnant people with COVID-19 from January 22, 2020, to April 11, 2022. Epub 2021 Apr 27. Antenatal Care Service Utilization of Pregnant Women Attending Antenatal Care in Public Hospitals During the COVID-19 Pandemic Period. The details of the antenatal care (ANC) models are shown in Table 1 (3,7,9). Perspectives in Psychiatric Care, 58, 61-70. doi: 10.1007/s10995-020-02967-7. During the COVID-19 pandemic, our top priority is to keep our patients, staff, and communities Philippine Obstetrical and Gynecological Society, Inc. and Philippine Society of Maternal Fetal Medicine, Inc. COVID-19 and Pregnancy: A Guide to MFM specialists and General Obstetric Practitioners. According to the CDC: Newborns can be infected with COVID-19 after being in close contact with an infected person. WebThe coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic may substantially affect health systems, but little primary evidence is available on disruption of health and nutrition services. /Resources <> Before the pandemic, the standardized rate of prenatal cannabis use was 6.75% of pregnancies (95% CI, 6.55%-6.95%); that rate increased to 8.14% of pregnancies (95% CI, 7.85%-8.43%) during the pandemic (Figure). >> Before Implementation of Obstetric Telehealth during COVID-19 and Beyond. This study uses National Survey on Drug Use and Health data to examine prevalence and frequency of medical and nonmedical cannabis use among pregnant and nonpregnant women between 2013 and 2017. -, Nguyen L.H., Drew D.A., Graham M.S., et al. Therefore, in addition to improving online antenatal care, the popularization of both the use of the internet and mobile electronic devices is crucial to allow more pregnant women to receive online education and care. The study aimed to determine the utilization of antenatal care services of Filipino women during the COVID-19 pandemic. Also fetal movements, mental wellbeing and domestic violence should be checked (8). Gynecol. It is recommended if positive COVID-19 is confirmed (7,8). All of these approaches would likely contribute to better labor preparedness, maternal experience, postpartum adjustment and outcomes, fewer infection risks, and more economic benefits to the health system and the women themselves. Archives of Neurology & Psychiatry (1919-1959), https://www.cdtfa.ca.gov/dataportal/dataset.htm?url=CannabisTaxRevenues, JAMAevidence: The Rational Clinical Examination, JAMAevidence: Users' Guides to the Medical Literature, JAMA Surgery Guide to Statistics and Methods, Antiretroviral Drugs for HIV Treatment and Prevention in Adults - 2022 IAS-USA Recommendations, CONSERVE 2021 Guidelines for Reporting Trials Modified for the COVID-19 Pandemic, Global Burden of Skin Diseases, 1990-2017, Guidelines for Reporting Outcomes in Trial Protocols: The SPIRIT-Outcomes 2022 Extension, Mass Violence and the Complex Spectrum of Mental Illness and Mental Functioning, Organization and Performance of US Health Systems, Spirituality in Serious Illness and Health, The US Medicaid Program: Coverage, Financing, Reforms, and Implications for Health Equity, Screening for Prediabetes and Type 2 Diabetes, Statins for Primary Prevention of Cardiovascular Disease, Vitamin and Mineral Supplements for Primary Prevention of of Cardiovascular Disease and Cancer, Statement on Potentially Offensive Content, Register for email alerts with links to free full-text articles. Further research includes pilot studies to explore the acceptability of the model and recommendation implementation in practice. 2020. The lack of information on COVID-19 and pregnancy meant women had greater uncertainty about pregnancy and birth. , Medical and Nonmedical Cannabis Use Among Pregnant Women in the United States. government site. Landrian A, Mboya J, Golub G, Moucheraud C, Kepha S, Sudhinaraset M. BMJ Open. Management of COVID-19 infection in pregnant women statewide. 2021;326(17):17451747. HW, WS, and XH contributed to the conception and design of this viewpoint, drafted the primary version of manuscript, edited the manuscript, and reviewed the final version. (https://www.healthywa.wa.gov.au/-/media/Files/Corporate/general-documents/Infectious-diseases/PDF/Coronavirus/Management-of-COVID-19-Infection-in-Pregnant-Women.ashx). Wu H, 2022 May;35(3):298-306. doi: 10.1016/j.wombi.2021.04.012. Pregnant women were identified as being at elevated risk from COVID-19 early in the pandemic. All Rights Reserved. [, Knight-Agarwal C, Davis DL, Williams L, Davey R, Cox R, Clarke A. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. Self-isolation is defined as strictly avoiding contact, or residing only with other positive cases. However, maternal vaccination uptake remains low compared to the general population. WebCannabis use among pregnant women is common and has increased in recent years in the US, from an estimated 3.4% in 2002 to 7.0% in 2017. , Basu
However, pregnant women and their families are likely to encounter greater tension and stress due to the COVID-19 pandemic within the community (5), therefore maternity services should be prioritized as fundamental core health service (3). The COVID-19 pandemic has disrupted essential services, which could lead to an increase in maternal and neonatal mortality and morbidity. Rates of biochemically verified prenatal cannabis use increased significantly during the COVID-19 pandemic among pregnant women in Northern California. JAMA. This will contribute to reducing maternal morbidity and mortality by providing opportunities for wider coverage. San Lau L, Samari G, Moresky RT, Casey SE, Kachur SP, Roberts LF, et al. Ming, https://www.who.int/docs/default-source/coronaviruse/situation-reports/20200628-covid-19-sitrep-160.pdf?sfvrsn=2fe1c658_2, http://www.nhc.gov.cn/fys/s3581/202002/4f80657b346e4d6ba76e2cfc3888c630.shtml, https://www.rcog.org.uk/en/guidelines-research-services/guidelines/coronavirus-pregnancy/covid-19-virus-infection-and-pregnancy/, https://www.cdc.gov/coronavirus/2019-ncov/need-extra-precautions/pregnancy-breastfeeding.html, http://www.nwccw.gov.cn/2020-02/11/content_278883.htm, Add this article to your Mendeley library. Committee opinion No. The aim of the project is to understand how a health system shock such as the Covid-19 pandemic impacts women seeking care, demonstrated by pregnant women from underserved groups in a diverse, inner-city population of south London. The high infection risk of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in hospitals is particularly problematic for recently delivered mothers and currently pregnant women who require professional antenatal care. NIH is supporting a study on possible effects of the pandemic on inflammation in womens bodies and on their children's brain development. Please enable it to take advantage of the complete set of features! Pregnant women were identified as being at elevated risk from COVID-19 early in the pandemic. doi: 10.1136/bmjopen-2021-060185. Akinwunmi B, -. Bondcap. A total of 983 Chinese pregnant women completed the questionnaire, and it was found that more than 80% had taken self-protection actions, such as wearing a face mask, handwashing, and home quarantine, to avoid being infected with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) (Figure 1). In hybrid models results of test should be given over the phone or by secure messaging and abnormal results should be given face-to-face or via secure video. 2021-14 (November 23, 2021) Very few SREs were reported by ambulatory surgical centers in calendar year 2021 and the number of SREs associated with surgical or invasive procedures was slightly diminished overall as compared to pre-pandemic levels. Ross T, de Maria de Albuquerque C, Chaves J, Carneiro Rolim KM, Albuquerque Frota M, Surkan PJ. Onwuzurike C., Meadows A.R., Nour N.M. Also, during the current COVID-19 pandemic, care planning needs to take into consideration the risk factors identified, the context and the womans preferences (7). Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists. There is a need to augment antenatal care services in the country by mitigating barriers to access. WebOne of the government's efforts to overcome this problem is the concept of safe motherhood and antenatal care. Matvienko-Sikar K, Pope J, Cremin A, Carr H, Leitao S, Olander EK, Meaney S. Women Birth. Appropriate antenatal education can be beneficial to them in many ways including reducing cesarean section rates, maternal and infant mortality, and anxiety problems as well as improve their general reproductive health outcomes [5]. Maternity services in low resource countries This cross-sectional study examines the association of cannabis retailer proximity and density with cannabis use among pregnant women after legalization of cannabis for recreational use in California. 700 were admitted to the ICU (ICU data were only available for 18,764 of As the disease evolves rapidly, new information is appearing that suggests pregnant women diagnosed as having coronavirus disease are likely to suffer high levels of morbidity (1). National Health Commission. :July, 1Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, School of Medicine, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China, 2Faculty of Medicine, International School, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China, 3Department of Culture and Tourism, Xiamen University of Technology, Xiamen, China, 4College of Economics, Jinan University, Guangzhou, China, 5Maternal-Fetal Medicine Unit, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Brigham and Womens Hospital, Boston, MA, United States, 6Center for Genomic Medicine, Massachusetts General Hospital, Harvard Medical School, Harvard University, Boston, MA, United States, 7School of Public Health, Li Ka Shing Faculty of Medicine, The University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong, China, Department of Public Health and Preventive Medicine, No 602 Huangpu Avenue West, Tianhe District. Huang X, A study in China found that many pregnant women had concerns about the reliability of online gestational information [17]. Follow Methodist on Facebook, Twitter and Instagram for the latest COVID-19 updates. The study aimed to determine the utilization of antenatal care services of Filipino women during the COVID-19 pandemic. 722: marijuana use during pregnancy and lactation. ND, Han
/Type /Page Maternity systems need a process to triage women to the most appropriate models of care based on low risk and high-risk criterion. midwife) (3,7,9). PMID: have lived experience of accessing complex care during pregnancy, and are passionate about National Library of Medicine Akinwunmi, Casper J P [, Ferguson S, Davis D, Browne J. The high infection risk of severe acute respiratory Methods Hubungan Tingkat Kecemasan Ibu Hamil pada Masa Pandemi Covid-19 Kepatuhan Melakukan Antenatal Care di Rumah Sakit Abdul Moeloek Bandar Lampung March 2023 DOI: 10.35912/jimi.v2i2.1431 URL: People Who Need Extra Precautions: Pregnancy and Breastfeeding. K;JXjP) Postpartum people's experiences of and responses to the COVID-19 pandemic during the first year of the pandemic: A descriptive qualitative study. Melbourne: RANZCOG; 2020 (https://ranzcog.edu.au/RANZCOG_SITE/media/RANZCOG-MEDIA/Womens%20Health/Global%20Health/RANZCOG-COVID-19-Guide-for-Resource-limited-Environments.pdf. Respirology 2003 Nov;8 Suppl(s1):S41-S45 [, Du L, Gu Y, Cui M, Li WX, Wang J, Zhu LP, et al. /ProcSet [/PDF /Text] 2020. URL: Duranku F, Aksu E. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on anxiety and depressive symptoms in pregnant women: a preliminary study. COVID-19 and pregnancy in resource-limited environments. FOIA The site is secure. Administrative, technical, or material support: Young-Wolff, Adams, Does, Ansley, Avalos. It should be noted that, the required schedule and the models of care should be reassessed at each visit according to the individual needs and current risks. hb```B:B $C"C 3=M
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<. published online April. Some rights reserved. J. Med. . BMC Pregnancy Childbirth. Accessed July 29, 2021. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention. It is recommended that face to face visits be limited to less than 15 minutes and conducted with attendance of minimum number of people (preferably woman only), which could lead to minimizing time in appointment waiting areas (8). Treasure Island (FL): StatPearls Publishing; 2022 Jan. hb```f``Ab,0N4BELv9/4y>,}Bg}W\RkW~o8;:%p:tDG]@; iI Y p#LF>U:4/YUT4Cr@P3Z3C@8oS%@d ` ?
The participants answered a structured questionnaire to assess their access, perceptions, and utilization of antenatal care. This study is limited to pregnant women universally screened in the KPNC system for prenatal cannabis use via urine toxicology testing early in pregnancy (8 weeks gestation) as part of standard prenatal care, and data do not reflect continued use throughout pregnancy. Having a plan in place for your Efforts and expectations of pregnant women against the impact of the COVID-19 pandemic: a phenomenological study. In community clinics appointment scheduling, avoidance of patients awaiting and also ensuring of maintaining social distance (1.5-metre distance from others) should be considered. Moreover, some specific antenatal examinations such as the Nuchal Translucency test, Down syndrome screening, and the Oral Glucose Tolerance Test should be completed in a hospital. In March 2020, the World Health Organisation named the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (Sars-CoV-2), which causes corona virus disease Support models of care that provide maximum level of continuity of care are midwifery continuity of care, case management, as well as models of cares provided by midwife navigator, general practitioner (GP), private practice midwives, also cultural support models of care such as supports by healthcare workers or a community organization (7,8). Role of the Funder/Sponsor: The National Institute on Drug Abuse had no role in the design and conduct of the study; collection, management, analysis, and interpretation of the data; preparation, review, or approval of the manuscript; and decision to submit the manuscript for publication. The COVID-19 pandemic resulted in unprecedented challenges to healthcare systems worldwide, including interruption of antenatal care services. Landrian A, Mboya J, Golub G, Moucheraud C, Kepha S, Sudhinaraset M. Effects of the COVID-19 pandemic on antenatal care utilisation in Kenya: a cross-sectional study. Methods: An online survey was conducted Moreover, women can upload their daily blood pressure and simple home urine dipsticks results to an online system. Accessibility Women Birth. But when the fear of putting your own and your Lancet Public Health. The general content of the ANC remains unchanged in the context of COVID-19. 2023 American Medical Association. COVID-19 was declared as a pandemic by the World Health Organization (WHO) in 2020 (1). This would allow monitoring for serious pregnancy complications such as preeclampsia. Goyal LD, Garg P, Verma M, Kaur N, Bakshi D, Arora J. BMJ Open. child care available for families beyond the pandemic. Negative predictors were employment (OR 0.37, 95% CI 0.22-0.63) and medical examination prior to pregnancy (OR 0.36, 95% CI 0.23-0.58). Why inequality could spread COVID-19. People across the world have been greatly affected by the ongoing coronavirus disease (COVID-19) pandemic. An umbrella review to explore the barriers and facilitators to Influenza, Pertussis and COVID-19 vaccination during pregnancy and within 2 years after childbirth, and to inform interventions to encourage uptake (PROSPERO registration number: CRD42022327624). A structured review of the literature. Managing Diabetes in Pregnancy Before, During, and After COVID-19.